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WHO IS MEROPE?
So you are curious about Merope! Well so was I, and so am I.
The journey is on-going and I am on a continuous voyage of discovery!
About 1996 to 1998 I seemed to have begun thinking a lot about the name Merope. I really cannot tell you where or when or why exactly I became aware of this new thought. It was just there. I was fascinated with the way it sounded and felt.
My two sons have never expressed any interest in learning what I know, nor have any of my various nieces or nephews. In fact, I suspect that I am viewed as a ‘weirdo’ in my family because of my dowsing abilities, and my interest in all things natural, healing modalities, new age, or interests in
metaphysics. Some of my family have even disassociated themselves from me because of some wrong notions they have about me. This usually revolves around my rejection of organized religion. My sons haven’t, but they just don’t appear, at least at this time, to have any
curiosity or inclination to learn about the information I know.
I am beginning to get older (at least in Earth years) and I am really wishing that I had someone who would be willing to become a sort of apprentice or be at least willing to learn some of the techniques that I have learned over my many years of practicing the healing arts. I reasoned that a granddaughter would be nice, and that I would name my granddaughter Merope
My sons, are aged 40 and 37 years old, so this possibility didn’t seem that remote to me. However when I began to voice my wishes, I was immediately and in no uncertain terms advised that there would be NO grandchildren and in the unlikely event that there was a grandchild, I would not be given the option of naming the child Merope. So now I had to rethink who was going to get this name. And why was I so fascinated with someone having the name Merope.
By May – June 2006 I was feeling more and more that someone needed to be Merope. I began to think maybe I could be. Changing my name had never even occurred to me before that point. At the end of July 2006, I distinctly had the sensation that I was to call myself Merope. This was done with very little forethought or planning. A stranger asked my name and out popped Merope.
In August 2006, I attended a Sweat Lodge Ceremony. It was the most life-changing event I have ever taken part in. The experience was both magnificent and terrifying at the same time.
Without going into details, I experienced the death of my previous ego and allowed the energy of Merope to enter my body. I received a feeling that this was to be a positive and wonderful transformation, which would occur over the next 8 moons. The actual experience was not and has not always been pleasant though. And at times – it is still not! Lots of dizziness, a feeling of floating, being disconnected. I even get
nauseous a lot of the time. Twice now I have been ‘flattened’ as I have the sensation that I am being blasted with frequencies. I often see shapes, geometrics, writings, magnificent colors. I do know that Merope is here to assist in the ascension process, and to help in the healing and raising of energies of people who are required to get there.
When I finally had the thought to do a google search of the name Merope, I was confronted with tons of information around the name. What prompted this was the fascination of people when I give my name. Most ask me what it means. I didn’t know, thus the search.
So here is the result of the search on the internet. There are eighteen pages of information that I have picked and
chosen to cut and paste. So if you are still curious read on.
Otherwise, check back every once in awhile and maybe I will have added to this story. Should be interesting!
MEROPE was one of the seven Pleiad Nymph daughters of the Titan Atlas . She married the mortal king Sisyphos, and by him became the ancestress of the Korinthian and Lykian royal families.
Merope was said to have been so shamed by her husband's crimes against the gods that she refused to show her face in the heaven, and so the seventh star of the Pleiades faded from human sight.
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Greek Name:
Transliteration:
Latin Spelling:
Translation: |
Meroph
Meropê
Merope
Eyes Turned,
Face Turned
(meros, ops) |
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ME′ROPE (Meropê). A daughter of Atlas, one of the Pleiades, and the wife of Sisyphus of Corinth, by whom she became the mother of Glaucus. In the constellation of the Pleiades she is the seventh and the least visible star, because she is ashamed of having had intercourse with a mortal man. (Apollod. i. 9. § 3, iii. 10. 1; Ov. Fast. iv. 175; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1155; Serv. ad Virg. Geory. i. 138; comp. Hom. Il. vi. 154; Schol. ad Pind. Nom. ii. 16.)
Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. C19th Classics Encyclopedia. |
"Merope, whom glorious Atlas begot." - Hesiod, The Astronomy Frag 1 (from Scholiast on Pindar's Nemean Ode 2.12)
"Sisyphos settled Ephyra and married Merope, the daugher of Atlas. To them was born a son Glaukos." - Apollodorus, The Library 1.85
"To Atlas and Okeanos’ daughter Pleione were born (on Arkadian Kyllene) seven daughters called the Pleiades, whose names are Alkyone, Merope ... Sisyphos married Merope." - Apollodorus, The Library 3.110
"Thersander, the son of Sisyphos [presumably his mother was Merope, though not stated so here]." - Pausanias, Guide to Greece 9.34.7
"The Pleiades are called seven in number, but only six can be seen. This reason has been advanced, that of the seven, six mated with immortals (three with Jove, two with Neptunus, and one with Mars); the seventh was said to have been the wife of Sisyphus ... Merope, wed to Sisyphus, bore Glaucus, who, as many say, was the father of Bellerophon. On account of her other sisters she was placed among the constellations, but because she married a mortal, her star is dim." - Hyginus, Astronomica 2.21
"Atlas by Pleione or an Oceanitide had twelve daughters ... Their names are as follows: Electra, Alcyone, Celaeno, Merope ... Of these, they say Electra does not appear, because of the death of Dardanus and the loss of Troy. Others think that Merope appears to blush because she had a mortal as husband, though the others had gods. Driven from the band of her sisters because of this, she wears her hair long in grief, and is called a comet, or 'longodes' because she trails out for a long distance [Greek 'longodes' means 'spear-shaped', not 'long', an error of Hyginus], or 'xiphias' because she shows the shape of a sword-point. This star, too, portends grief." - Hyginus, Fabulae 192
"The Pleiades will start relieving their sire’s [Atlas’] shoulders. Called seven, they are usually six, wither because six of them entered a god’s embrace ... the seventh, Merope, wed you, mortal Sisyphus, she regrets it, and hides alone in shame)." - Ovid, Fasti 4.169
Sources :
Hesiod, The Astronomy - Greek Epic C8th-7th BC
Apollodorus, The Library - Greek Mythography C2nd BC
Pausanias, Guide to Greece - Greek Geography C2nd AD
Hyginus, Fabulae - Latin Mythography C2nd AD
Hyginus, Astronomica - Latin Mythography C2nd AD
Ovid, Fasti - Latin Epic C1st BC - C1st AD
The Pleiades are a prominent sight in the Northern Hemisphere in winter and in the Southern Hemisphere in summer, and have been known since antiquity to cultures all around the world, including the Māori and Australian Aborigines, the Japanese and the Sioux of North America. Some Greek astronomers considered them to be a distinct constellation, and they are mentioned by Hesiod, and in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. They are also mentioned three times in the Bible (Job 9:9, 38:31; Amos 5:8). The Pleiades (Kartika) are particularly revered in Hindu mythology as the seven mothers of the war god Skanda.
They have long been known to be a physically related group of stars rather than any chance alignment. The Reverend John Michell calculated in 1767 that the probability of a chance alignment of so many bright stars was only 1 in 500,000, and so correctly surmised that the Pleiades and many other clusters of stars must be physically related [1]. When studies were first made of the stars' proper motions, it was found that they are all moving in the same direction across the sky, at the same rate, further demonstrating that they were related.
Charles Messier measured the position of the cluster and included it as M45 in his catalogue of comet-like objects, published in 1771. Along with the Orion Nebula and the Praesepe cluster, Messier's inclusion of the Pleiades has been noted as curious, as most of Messier's objects were much fainter and more easily confused with comets—something which seems scarcely possible for the Pleiades. One possibility is that Messier simply wanted to have a larger catalogue than his scientific rival Lacaille, whose 1755 catalogue contained 42 objects, and so he added some bright, well-known objects to boost his list[2].
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Distance
The distance to the Pleiades is an important step in calibrating distance scales for the whole universe, and has been estimated by many methods. As the cluster is so close to the Earth, its distance is relatively easy to measure. Accurate knowledge of the distance allows astronomers to plot a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram for the cluster which, when compared to those plotted for clusters whose distance is not known, allows their distances to be estimated. Other methods can then extend the distance scale from open clusters to galaxies and clusters of galaxies, and a cosmic distance ladder can be constructed. Ultimately astronomers' understanding of the age and future evolution of the universe is influenced by their knowledge of the distance to the Pleiades.
Results prior to the launch of the Hipparcos satellite generally found that the Pleiades were about 135 parsecs away from Earth. Hipparcos caused consternation among astronomers by finding a distance of only 118 parsecs by measuring the parallax of stars in the cluster—a technique which should yield the most direct and accurate results. Later work has consistently found that the Hipparcos distance measurement for the Pleiades was in error, but it is not yet known why the error occurred [3]. The distance to the Pleiades is currently thought to be the higher value of about 135 parsecs [4], [5].
Composition

X-ray images of the Pleiades reveal the stars with the hottest atmospheres. Green squares indicate the seven optically brightest stars.
The cluster is about 12 light years in diameter and contains approximately 500 stars in total. It is dominated by young, hot blue stars, up to 14 of which can be seen with the naked eye depending on local observing conditions. The arrangement of the brightest stars is somewhat similar to Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. The total mass contained in the cluster is estimated to be about 800 solar masses[6].
The cluster contains many brown dwarfs — objects with less than about 8% of the Sun's mass, which are not heavy enough for nuclear fusion reactions to start in their cores and become proper stars. They may constitute up to 25% of the total population of the cluster, although they contribute less than 2% of the total mass [7]. Astronomers have made great efforts to find and analyse brown dwarfs in the Pleiades and other young clusters, because they are still relatively bright and observable, while brown dwarfs in older clusters have faded and are much more difficult to study.
Also present in the cluster are several white dwarfs. Given the young age of the cluster normal stars are not expected to have had time to evolve into white dwarfs, a process which normally takes several billion years. It is believed that, rather than being individual low- to intermediate-mass stars, the progenitors of the white dwarfs must have been high-mass stars in binary systems. Transfer of mass from the higher-mass star to its companion during its rapid evolution would result in a much quicker route to the formation of a white dwarf.
Age and future evolution
Ages for star clusters can be estimated by comparing the H-R diagram for the cluster with theoretical models of stellar evolution, and using this technique, ages for the Pleiades of between 75 and 150 million years have been estimated. The spread in estimated ages is a result of uncertainties in stellar evolution models. In particular, models including a phenomenon known as convective overshoot, in which a convective zone within a star penetrates an otherwise non-convective zone, result in higher apparent ages.
Another way of estimating the age of the cluster is by looking at the lowest-mass objects. In normal main sequence stars, lithium is rapidly destroyed in nuclear fusion reactions, but brown dwarfs can retain their lithium. Due to its very low ignition temperature of 2.5 million kelvins, the highest-mass brown dwarfs will burn lithium eventually, and so determining the highest mass of brown dwarfs still containing lithium in the cluster can give an idea of its age. Applying this technique to the Pleiades gives an age of about 115 million years[8][9].
Like most open clusters, the Pleiades will not stay gravitationally bound forever, as some component stars will be ejected after close encounters and others will be stripped by tidal gravitational fields. Calculations suggest that the cluster will take about 250 million years to disperse, with gravitational interactions with giant molecular clouds and the spiral arms of the galaxy also hastening its demise.
Reflection nebulosity
Hubble Space Telescope image of reflection nebulosity near Merope
Under ideal observing conditions, some hint of nebulosity may be seen around the cluster, and this shows up in long-exposure photographs. It is a reflection nebula, caused by dust reflecting the blue light of the hot, young stars.
It was formerly thought that the dust was left over from the formation of the cluster, but at the age of about 100 million years generally accepted for the cluster, almost all the dust originally present would have been dispersed by radiation pressure. Instead, it seems that the cluster is simply passing through a particularly dusty region of the interstellar medium.
Studies show that the dust responsible for the nebulosity is not uniformly distributed, but is concentrated mainly in two layers along the line of sight to the cluster. These layers may have been formed by deceleration due to radiation pressure as the dust has moved towards the stars[10].
Names and technical information

A map of the Pleiades
The nine brightest stars of the Pleiades are named for the Seven Sisters of Greek mythology: Sterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygete, Celaeno and Alcyone, along with their parents Atlas and Pleione. As daughters of Atlas, the Hyades were sisters of the Pleiades. The name of the cluster itself is of Greek origin, though of uncertain etymology. Suggested derivations include: from πλεîν plein, to sail, making the Pleiades the "sailing ones"; from pleos, full or many; or from peleiades, flock of doves. The following table gives details of the brightest stars in the cluster:
|
Pleiades Bright Stars |
|
Name |
Pronunciation (IPA & respelling) |
Designation |
Apparent magnitude |
Stellar classification |
|
Alcyone |
/æl'saɪəni/ , al-sye'-ə-nee |
Eta (25) Tauri |
2.86 |
B7IIIe |
|
Atlas |
/'ætləs/ , at'-ləs |
27 Tauri |
3.62 |
B8III |
|
Electra |
/i'lɛktrə/ , ee-lek'-trə |
17 Tauri |
3.70 |
B6IIIe |
|
Maia |
/'meɪə, 'maɪə/ ; may'-ə, mye'-ə |
20 Tauri |
3.86 |
B7III |
|
Merope |
/'mɛrəpi/ , mair'-ə-pee |
23 Tauri |
4.17 |
B6IVev |
|
Taygeta |
/tei'ɪʤəti/ , tay-ij'-ə-tee |
19 Tauri |
4.29 |
B6V |
|
Pleione |
/'plaɪəni/ , plye'-ə-nee |
28 (BU) Tauri |
5.09 (var.) |
B8IVep |
|
Celaeno |
/sə'lino/ , sə-lee'-no |
16 Tauri |
5.44 |
B7IV |
|
Asterope |
/ə'stɛrəpi/ , ə-stair'-ə-pee |
21 and 22 Tauri |
5.64;6.41 |
B8Ve/B9V |
|
— |
— |
18 Tauri |
5.65 |
B8V |
The Pleiades in folklore


The Subaru car company uses the Pleiades as their logo.
The Pleiades' high visibility in the night sky has guaranteed it a special place in many cultures, both ancient and modern. In Greek mythology, they represented the Seven Sisters, while to the Vikings, they were Freyja's hens, and their name in many old European languages compares them to a hen with chicks.
To the Bronze Age people of Europe, such as the Celts (and probably considerably earlier), the Pleiades were associated with mourning and with funerals, since at that time in history, on the cross-quarter day between the autumn equinox and the winter solstice (see Samhain, also Halloween or All Souls Day), which was a festival devoted to the remembrance of the dead, the cluster rose in the eastern sky as the sun's light faded in the evening. It was from this acronychal rising that the Pleiades became associated with tears and mourning. As a result of precession over the centuries, the Pleiades no longer marked the festival, but the association has nevertheless persisted, and accounts for the significance of the Pleiades astrologically.


A bronze disk, 1600 BC, from Nebra, Germany, is the one of the oldest known representations of the cosmos. The Pleiades are top right. See Nebra sky disk
The ancient Aztecs of Mexico and Central America based their calendar upon the Pleiades. Their calendric year began when priests first remarked the asterism rising heliacally in the east, immediately before the sun's dawn light obliterated the view of the stars.
Heliacal risings very often mark important calendar points for ancient peoples.[11] The heliacal rising of the Pleiades (around June) also begins the new year for the Māori of New Zealand, who call the Pleiades Matariki.
Indigenous Australians
Depending on the tribe or clan, some Indigenous Australian peoples believed the Pleiades were a woman who had been nearly raped by Kidili, the man in the moon.
Another version, often painted by Gabriella Possum Nungurayyi as this is her dreaming (or creation story), daughter of the late Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri from the Central desert art movement of Papunya, depicts the story of seven Napaltjarri sister,s being chased by a man named Jilbi Tjakamarra. He would practise love magic to seduce the sisters but they had no intention of being with him and ran away. They sat down at Uluru to search for honey ants but when they saw Jilbi, they went to Kurlunyalimpa and with the spirits of Uluru, transformed into stars. Jilbi transforms himself into what is commonly known as the Morning Star in Orion's belt, thus continuing to chase the seven sisters across the sky. (Source: Aboriginal Fine Art Gallery)
Native Americans
The Sioux of North America had a legend that linked the origin of the Pleiades to Devils Tower. It was common among the indigenous peoples of the Americas to measure keenness of vision by the number of stars the viewer could see in the Pleiades, a practice which was also used in historical Europe, especially in Greece.
In Japan, the Pleiades are known as Subaru, a tortoise, and have given their name to the car manufacturer. In Chinese constellations, they are 昴 mao, the hairy head of the white tiger of the West, while the name of the Hindu God Kartikeya means him of the Pleiades.
In Western astrology they represent coping with sorrow [12] and were considered a single one of the medieval fixed stars. As such, they are associated with quartz and fennel. In Indian astrology the Pleiades were known as the asterism (nakshatra) Krittika (which in Sanskrit is translated as "the cutters.")[13] The Pleiades are called the star of fire, and their ruling deity is the Vedic god Agni, the god of the sacred fire. It is one of the most prominent of the nakshatras, and is associated with anger and stubbornness.
The word has acquired a meaning of "multitude", inspiring the name of the French literary movement La Pléiade and an earlier group of Alexandrian poets, the Alexandrian Pleiad.
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References
^ Michell J. (1767), An Inquiry into the probable Parallax, and Magnitude, of the Fixed Stars, from the Quantity of Light which they afford us, and the particular Circumstances of their Situation, Philosophical Transactions, v. 57, p. 234-264
^ Frommert, Hartmut (1998). "Messier Questions & Answers". Retrieved March 1, 2005.
^ Soderblom D.R., Nelan E., Benedict G.F., McArthur B., Ramirez I., Spiesman W., Jones B.F. (2005), Confirmation of Errors in Hipparcos Parallaxes from Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Astrometry of the Pleiades, The Astronomical Journal, v. 129, pp. 1616-1624.
^ Percival, S. M.; Salaris, M.; Groenewegen, M. A. T. (2005), The distance to the Pleiades. Main sequence fitting in the near infrared, Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.429, p.887.
^ Zwahlen, N.; North, P.; Debernardi, Y.; Eyer, L.; Galland, F.; Groenewegen, M. A. T.; Hummel, C. A. (2004), A purely geometric distance to the binary star Atlas, a member of the Pleiades, Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.425, p.L45.
^ Adams, Joseph D.; Stauffer, John R.; Monet, David G.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Beichman, Charles A. (2001), The Mass and Structure of the Pleiades Star Cluster from 2MASS, The Astronomical Journal, v.121, p.2053.
^ Moraux, E.; Bouvier, J.; Stauffer, J. R.; Cuillandre, J.-C. (2003), Brown dwarfs in the Pleiades cluster: Clues to the substellar mass function, Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.400, p.891.
^ Basri G., Marcy G. W., Graham J. R. (1996), Lithium in Brown Dwarf Candidates: The Mass and Age of the Faintest Pleiades Stars, Astrophysical Journal v.458, p.600
^ Ushomirsky, G., Matzner, C., Brown, E., Bildsten, L., Hilliard, V., Schroeder, P., Astrophysical Journal v.497, p.235
^ Gibson, Steven J.; Nordsieck, Kenneth H. (2003), The Pleiades Reflection Nebula. II. Simple Model Constraints on Dust Properties and Scattering Geometry, The Astrophysical Journal, v.589, p. 362
^ Brad Schaefer (Yale University). Heliacal Rising: Definitions, Calculations, and some Specific Cases (Essays from Archaeoastronomy & Ethnoastronomy News, the Quarterly Bulletin of the Center for Archaeoastronomy, Number 25.)
^ Morse, Eric (1988). The Living Stars. London: Amethyst Books.
^ Dennis M. Harness. The Nakshatras: The Lunar Mansions of Vedic Astrology. Lotus Press (Twin Lakes WI, 1999.)
External links
Photos and information on the Pleiades from the University of Calgary
Information on the Pleiades from SEDS
Information and images from the Anglo-Australian Observatory
WEBDA open cluster database webpage on Pleiades cluster - E. Pauzen (Univ. Vienna)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades_%28star_cluster%29"
Pleiades (mythology)
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This article is about Greek mythology. For alternate meanings see Pleiades (disambiguation).
The Pleiades Πλειαδες (pleye'-a-deez, also plee'-a-deez), companions of Artemis, were the seven daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione (pleye-oh'-nee) born on Mount Cyllene (seye-lee'-nee). They are the sisters of Calypso, Hyas, the Hyades, and the Hesperides. The Pleiades were nymphs in the train of Artemis, and together with the seven Hyades were called the Atlantides, Dodonides, or Nysiades, nursemaids and teachers to the infant Bacchus.
There is some debate as to the origin of the name Pleiades. Previously, it was accepted the name is derived from the name of their mother, Pleione. However, the name Pleiades is more likely to come from πλεîν (to sail), because the Pleiades star cluster are visible in the Mediterranean at night during the summer, from the middle of May until the beginning of November, which coincided with the sailing season in antiquity. This derivation was recognized by the ancients, including Virgil (Georgics 1.136-138).
The Seven Sisters
Several of the most prominent male Olympian gods (including Zeus, Poseidon, and Ares) engaged in affairs with the seven heavenly sisters. These relationships resulted in the birth of children.
Maia (may'-a, also meye'-a), eldest of the seven Pleiades, was mother of Hermes by Zeus.
Electra (e-lek'-tra) was mother of Dardanus and Iasion by Zeus.
Taygete (tay-ij'-i-tee) was mother of Lacedaemon, also by Zeus.
Alcyone (al-seye'-a-nee) was mother of Hyrieus by Poseidon.
Celaeno (se-lee'-noh) was mother of Lycus and Eurypylus by Poseidon.
Sterope (stair'-a-pee) (also Asterope) was mother of Oenomaus by Ares.
Merope (mair'-a-pee), youngest of the seven Pleiades, was wooed by Orion. In other mythic contexts she married Sisyphus and, becoming mortal, faded away. She bore to Sisyphus several sons.
All of the Pleiades except Merope consorted with gods.
Mythology
After Atlas was forced to carry the heavens on his shoulders, Orion began to pursue all of the Pleiades, and Zeus transformed them first into doves, and then into stars to comfort their father. The constellation of Orion is said to still pursue them across the night sky.
In the Pleiades star cluster only six of the stars shine brightly, the seventh, Merope, shines dully because she is shamed for eternity for having an affair with a mortal. Some myths also say that the star that doesn't shine is Electra, mourning the death of Dardanus, though a few myths say it is Sterope.
One of the most memorable myths involving the Pleiades is the story of how these sisters literally became stars, their catasterism. According to some versions of the tale, all seven sisters committed suicide because they were so saddened by either the fate of their father, Atlas, or the loss of their siblings, the Hyades. In turn Zeus, the ruler of the Greek gods, immortalized the sisters by placing them in the sky. There these seven stars formed the constellation known thereafter as the Pleiades.
The Greek poet Hesiod mentions the Pleiades several times in his Works and Days. As the Pleiades are primarily summer stars, they feature prominently in the ancient agricultural calendar. Here is a bit of advice from Hesiod:
"And if longing seizes you for sailing the stormy seas,
when the Pleiades flee mighty Orion
and plunge into the misty deep
and all the gusty winds are raging,
then do not keep your ship on the wine-dark sea
but, as I bid you, remember to work the land."
The Pleiades, is the brightest and most famous star cluster in the sky; it is popularly termed the Seven Sisters, after a group of mythological nymphs.
Approximately seven stars are visible to the naked eye, binoculars bring dozens more into view. This open cluster is found in the zodiacal constellation Taurus, about 400 light-years from the solar system. The Pleiades formed within the last 50 million years and include many young blue giants. The whole of the Pleiades is embedded in a faint nebulosity, the remains of the cloud from which the stars formed.
The heliacal (near dawn) rising of the Pleiades in spring of the Northern Hemisphere has marked from ancient times the opening of seafaring and farming seasons, as the morning setting of the group in autumn signified the seasons' ends. Some South American Indians use the same word for "Pleiades" and "year."
In Greek mythology, the seven daughters of the Titan Atlas and the Oceanid Pleione are: Maia, Electra, Taygete, Celaeno, Alcyone, Sterope, and Merope. They all fell in love with gods (except Merope, who loved a mortal) and were the mothers of gods.
The Pleiades eventually formed a constellation. One myth recounts that they all killed themselves out of grief over the death of their sisters, the Hyades. Another explains that after seven years of being pursued by Orion, a Boeotian giant, they were turned into stars by Zeus. Orion became a constellation, too, and continued to pursue the sisters across the sky. The faintest star of the Pleiades was thought to be either Merope, who was ashamed of loving a mortal, or Electra, grieving for Troy, her son's city.
Merope
by Kate Forshey, Clarksville Middle School
A Greek mythological figure, Merope is one of the seven Pleiades, daughters of Atlas and Pleione. The Pleiades were virgin companions of Artemis. Merope lived on Chios, and was often pursued by Orion. Merope did not love Orion and married a mortal, Sisyphus/
Orion also pursued Alcyone, Electra, Celaeno, Sterope, and Taygete, the other Pleiades and their mother. One time they prayed to the gods for rescue. The gods answered by turning them into doves and later into stars. Zeus placed them in the sky where they now form part of the constellation, Taurus. Since Merope married a mortal, she became the faintest star.
Merope
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In Greek mythology, several unrelated women went by the name Merope (bee-mask later reinterpreted as honey-like or eloquent), which may, therefore, have denoted a position in the cult of the Great Mother rather than a mere individual's name:
Merope, one of the Heliades
Merope, foster mother of Oedipus, wife of Polybus
Merope, one of the Oceanids, a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, mother of Phaeton by Helios or Clymenus
Merope, one of the Pleiades, she married a mortal, Sisyphus, and was thus the faintest star in the star cluster that bears their name. With Sisyphus, she had one son: Glaucus.
Merope of Khios, consort/daughter of Oenopion, linked with Orion (q.v.) who fell in love with Merope but Oenopion did not want the marriage to happen. Orion raped Merope. For revenge, Oenopion got Orion drunk and stabbed out his eyes, then cast him into the sea. Hephaestus took pity on the blind Orion and gave him a young boy as a guide. The boy guided him east, where the rising sun restored Orion's sight. Orion then decided to kill Oenopion, but Hephaestus had built the king an underground chamber. Orion couldn't find the king and went to Delos, where Artemis slew him.
Harry Potter
In the Harry Potter series, Merope Riddle (née Gaunt) was the witch daughter of wizard Marvolo Gaunt and the sister of Morfin. She allegedly enchanted her beloved, a muggle (human), the squire Tom Riddle, into marrying her. Merope bore a son who grew up to become Lord Voldemort (q.v.). She died shortly after childbirth.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merope"
Categories: Greek mythology | Queen consorts | Harry Potter characters
The Book of Knowledge: The Keys of Enoch® tells us in Key 1-0-6:
9 The Pleiades represents the key to physical protocreaton; it represents the galactic beginning of the physical Adamic household.
The Past:
How does this confirm what the ancients knew about the Pleiades? Many legends of cultural anthropology around the world are concerned with the Pleiades. The Pleiades, in Greek mythology, are the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione (named Alcyone, Merope, Electra, Celaeno, Taygeta, Maia, and Asterope). Atlas and Pleione are the neighboring stars, and many Greek temples were oriented to the rising and setting of the Pleiades. The Greeks also referred to the word "Peleiades"(spelled with an extra "e") as the "Doves". The earliest recorded reference to the Pleiades, however, may be in Chinese astronomical literature dating from 2357 BCE. For agricultural tribes in the northern hemisphere, the course of the Pleiades indicated the beginning and ending of the growing seasons.
Probably most famous legend of the Pleiades in native American lore is the story behind Devil’s Tower, Wyoming, a volcanic rock which the local Kiowa Indians call Mateo Tepe. They tell us that once seven maidens camped near the river in a region known to have many bears. One of the bears began to chase the maidens, who knelt to pray for help, calling upon the gods. The ground was raised into the sky. The bear tried to follow in vain and clawed the side of the rock, the marks of which are seen on the Tower. To protect the maidens, the Great Spirit allowed them to remain in the sky as the seven sisters, the Pleiades.
To the Japanese, the Pleiades constellation is called Subaru and in Sanskrit it is Krittikas. To some of the aboriginal people of Australia, it is Makara and was recognized to be connected to the Orion constellation. For the Aztec it was called Tianquiztli, which means the ‘gathering place’, and was considered an important sign of the continuation of life: on midnight every 52 years it appeared directly overhead and assured the ancient Americans that the world would not come to an end. The Aztecs perform a special religious ceremony called the Dance of the New Fire (or Ceremony of the New Fire) once every 52 years to ensure the movement of the cosmos and the rebirth of the sun. This 52 year time period also corresponds to the 260-day religious calendar (Tonalpohualli in Aztec, or Tolkin in Mayan) when it interlocks with the 365-day civil calendar (Xiupohualli in Aztec or Haab in Mayan). Every 52 Haab solar years (73 Tolkin years) these calendars coincide. This was sometimes called by the Aztecs the Calendar Round. The 52 year cycle was said to begin when the Pleiades crossed the fifth cardinal point or the zenith of heaven at midnight. Sometimes not only is the Pleiades in its zenith over Mesoamerica, but this alignment also comes into a full conjunction with the sun (as we will see again in the 21st Century). In addition, two 52 year cycles (104 years) coordinate with a further alignment with Venus (symbolic of the female creative form on a local scale).
The Pyramid of the Sun outside Mexico City at Teotihuacan is said to be aligned with the Pleiades, for its west face and many of the surrounding streets were aligned directly with the setting point of the Pleiades on midnight of the night when it is at its highest point. The Pleiades was clearly revered also by the Mayans, who in the area of Chichen Itza knew that the Sun casts a snake-like shadow on the side of the north stairway of the Kukulcan pyramid during the spring equinox. Some scholars have calculated that about 60 days after this shadow’s appearance, when the sun reaches its zenith over the Pyramid at mid-day (May 20 - May 23), there is another direct alignment with the Pleiades. This Pleiades-sun alignment may have a direct connection with Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent that came to bring a greater wisdom to the planet..
The ancient Egyptians also singled out the Pleiades as a female goddess, probably most often recognized as Neith, the "divine mother", or Hathor, who took on the form of a cow (who carried the seeds of life). Pyramidologists working in Egypt in the last twelve years have found pyramidal texts that suggest the Egyptians revered the Pleiades as a higher divine star system, especially Alcyone, its brightest star.
The Present:
Astronomers tell us that we are in the middle of an interlocking wheel-within-a-wheel within a cosmic time machine that the Mayans and also Egyptians understood, and just as we go around in relationship to our immediate solar paradigm, our entire galactic system currently is moving around in relationship to the larger configuration of the Pleiades, now known to astronomers as Messier 45 (M45). This larger wheel is known as the Precession of the Equinoxes, the period of time that it takes the Earth to pass through one complete cycle of the constellations of the zodiac. It is the earth’s wobble or spinning axis (at an angle) that makes the zodiac appear to move "backwards" one sign about every 2200 years, or about one degree every 72 years. This averages to 12 signs in 26,000 years. The Pleiades occupies a key role in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres during the Equinoxes and Solstices which are established by this Precession.
In the Northern Hemisphere, at the Spring Equinox, the Pleiades rises during the day, and can be seen only briefly at night. Each day the sun gets a little closer in alignment to the Pleiades so that during the Summer Solstice, the Pleiades rises just before the light of dawn. The first visible rising of the Pleiades before the sun is called the helical rise of the Pleiades. During the Fall Equinox, the Pleiades rises at midnight. At the Winter Solstice the Pleiades is visible in the east just after dark. This is because every day it rises some four minutes earlier in the celestial sphere. The Maori of New Zealand utilized the helical rise of the Pleiades, called by them the Matariki, as the beginning of their New Year (June). They also interpreted the Matariki as the mother with six daughters (while others recognized Puanga or Rigel, Orion as the sign of the New Year).
Thus, it is in the revisiting of the thousands of ancient sign posts, megalithic centers, and texts of the greatest importance that have been preserved throughout thousands of years of tradition in every part of the world — that we see a profound relationship between the stories of the Pleiades and the origin of humankind.
The Future:
Why were the ancients so impressed with the Pleiades? Key 106 tells us also that The Pleiades is "the cradle and the throne of our consciousness" emphasizing that the program of Adamic life was created in connection with this region of space. And that it is this region of space that will also signal the return of higher intelligence. The Key uses the word ‘throne’ (small "t") because it represents that place where the higher Hierarchies come together to balance lower creation. There are, in fact, many throne regions, many logos realms of power, working for our spiritual preparation. The Pleiades, thus, is a throne center just as Orion is a gateway center.
The Pleiades is, thus, a marker for the events of heavenly-earth contact and angelic-human overlap, of meetings recorded by the different cultures of the world with almost uncanny accuracy. Even more imporant is the dawning realization of the immense age and historical plausibility of those legends of the Pleiades found throughout the world which all point to a greater protection and ultimate transformation of creation that will allow us to go back into the higher heavens, being elevated, reprogrammed and resurrected into the heavens of the Most High God.
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Description |
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Known pre-historically. Mentioned by Homer about 750 B.C. and Hesiod about 700 B.C.
The Pleiades are among those objects which are known since the earliest times. At least 6 member stars are visible to the naked eye, while under moderate conditions this number increases to 9, and under clear dark skies jumps up to more than a dozen (Vehrenberg, in his Atlas of Deep Sky Splendors, mentions that in 1579, well before the invention of the telescope, astronomer Moestlin has correctly drawn 11 Pleiades stars, while Kepler quotes observations of up to 14).
Modern observing methods have revealed that at least about 500 mostly faint stars belong to the Pleiades star cluster, spread over a 2 degree (four times the diameter of the Moon) field. Their density is pretty low, compared to other open clusters. This is one reason why the life expectation of the Pleiades cluster is also pretty low (see below).
According to Kenneth Glyn Jones, the earliest known references to this cluster are mentionings by Homer in his Ilias (about 750 B.C.) and his Odyssey (about 720 B.C.), and by Hesiod, about 700 B.C.; according to Burnham, they were seen in connection to the agricultural seasons of that time. Also, and the Bible has three references to the Pleiades.
The Pleiades also carry the name "Seven Sisters"; according to Greek mythology, seven daughters and their parents. Their Japanese name is "Subaru", which was taken to christen the car of same name. The Persian name is "Soraya", after which the former Iranian empress was named. Old European (e.g., English and German) names indicate they were once compared to a "Hen with Chicks". Other cultures tell more and other lore of this naked-eye star cluster. Ancient Greek astronomers Eudoxus of Knidos (c. 403-350 BC) and Aratos of Phainomena (c. 270 BC) listed them as an own constellation: The Clusterers. This is also referred to by Admiral Smyth in his Bedford Catalog.
Burnham points out that the name "Pleiades" may be derived from either the Greek word for "to sail", or the word "pleios" meaning "full" or "many". The present author prefers the view that the name may be derived from the mythological mother, Pleione, which is also the name of one of the brighter stars.
According to Greek mythology, the main, visible stars are named for the seven daughters of "father" Atlas and "mother" Pleione: Alcyone, Asterope (a double star, also sometimes called Sterope), Electra, Maia, Merope, Taygeta and Celaeno.
The Pleiades nebulae are blue-colored, which indicates that they are reflection nebulae, reflecting the light of the bright stars situated near (or within) them. The brightest of these nebulae, that around Merope, was discovered on October 19, 1859 by Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht (Wilhelm) Tempel at Venice (Italy) with a 4-inch refractor; it is included in the NGC as NGC 1435. Leos Ondra has made the biography of Wilhelm Tempel available online together with a drawing of the Merope Nebula, and has agreed to include it in this database. The extension to Maya was discovered in 1875 (this is NGC 1432), the nebulae around Alcyone, Electra, Celaeno and Taygeta in 1880. The full complexity of the Pleiades nebulae was revealed by the first astro cameras, e.g. by that of the brothers Henry in Paris and Isaac Roberts in England, between 1885 and 1888. In 1890, E.E. Barnard discovered a starlike concentration of nebulous matter very close to Merope, which found its way into the IC as IC 349. The analysis of the spectra of the Pleiades nebulae by Vesto M. Slipher in 1912 reveiled their nature as reflection nebulae, as their spectra are exact copies of the spectra of the stars illuminating them. |
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Constellation |
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Taurus |
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